People have celebrated Rosh Hashanah with a festive gathering since Talmudic times. Weaving together symbolic foods with the familiar structure of a seder helps us start the new year mindfully. 

During this brief seder, we’ll make four toasts together and find opportunities for blessing and reflection. Each toast is centered on a way of understanding Rosh Hashanah - as a day of reawakening, of judgment, of remembrance and of recreation. The choice of beverage is up to you!

Take some bread. It’s traditional to use a round challah for the Yamim Nora’im.

On Rosh Hashanah and throughout the High Holiday season, we eat challah in the shape of a circle, to symbolize the circle of time, and the fullness of the year that is coming. Bread is among our most important foods. Good bread can satisfy a mighty hunger. Good bread can be the base of an entire meal. Good bread can be a luxurious food, rich, delicate, hearty, deep. Once we recite the bracha for bread, we are no longer obligated to recite an individual bracha over each kind of food. This shows how central, how basic, how essential bread is.

As you take a bite, share with others around the table how you hope to bring sweetness into the world in the New Year.
 

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם
הַמּֽוֹצִיא לֶֽחֶם מִן הָאָֽרֶץ

Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu melekh ha’olam,
hamotzi lekhem min ha-aretz.

Blessed are You, Adonai our God,Ruler of the universe,
Who brings forth bread from the earth.

 

Eat bread.

In tasting bread, we remember the hungry. May there be a day when no human being suffers the pain and desolation of hunger. May the bounty we enjoy help us to bring to fruition the vision of a  besere un a shenere velt, a better and more beautiful world.

Naomi Prawer Kadar,   Shabbes   , (Workmen’s Circle/Arbeter Ring, 1995)

-

We rejoice in our heritage that teaches us to love our earth that gives us wheat and to honor the farmers who grow it and the workers who make it into bread.

Ashreinu b'yerushateinu she'morah lanu le'ehuv et ha'adama, matsmikhat dagan,
u'l'khabed et ha'ikar ha'motsi lekhem min ha'aretz v'et hapo'el hao'ofeh khalot.

Mir freyen zich mit undzer yerusheh vos hot undz oysgelernt
az mir zoln lib hobn undzer erd vos git undz veytz,
oon dermant undz opgebn koved di vos akern dos erd oon
kooltivirn dem veytz, oon di arbeter vos bakn undz dos broit

Judith Seid,   We Rejoice in Our Heritage: Home Rituals for Secular Jews

-

B'rukhim hakhayim baolam.
Blessed be the life in the world.
B'rukhim hakhayim baadama.
Blessed be the life in the earth.
B'rukhim hamotsim lekhem minhaorets.
Blessed are those who bring forth bread from the earth.

Rabbi Sherwin T. Wine

Eat bread.

To conclude this evening’s Kabbalat haShanah Seder, we take some bread and we dip it in honey. May we all be blessed with a good and sweet New Year!

Eat bread dipped in honey.

In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of rest, a memorial proclaimed with the sounding of shofar, a holy convocation.

—Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:24-25.

This is what Torah says about Rosh haShanah. How did it become the New Year? How is the year to begin in the seventh month, instead of the first month of the year?

Why begin the year in the northern hemisphere’s autumn? It was the time of the harvest in many of the ancient cultures around the Mediterranean region. The harvest began the economic cycle. (There is also a spring harvest, and some of these cultures began the year at that time. Ours chose to give primacy to the autumn harvest.)

After our departure from Egypt, the month of our liberation, Nisan, became the first month of the year. Still, the year number continued to change on the first day of Tishrei, in the (northern hemisphere) autumn.

Rosh haShanah has other names: Yom T’ruah (Day of the Horn Sounding), Yom haZikaron (Day of Remembrance), and Yom haDin (Day of Judgement). Each of these reflects an aspect of the day that has accumulated over the years. Rosh haShanah is also the first of the Yamim Nora’im, the Days of Awe, the period from Rosh haShanah through Yom Kippur, when the world is said to be judged and when we make a special effort to do teshuvah, to return to the path of righteousness.

During the Yom Tov Kiddush, we referred to the day as Yom T’ruah and as Yom haZikaron—but not as Rosh haShanah!

The Rosh Hashanah Seder finds its earliest written source in a peculiar menu whose symbolic significance is not revealed...and your dinner menu can include many of these items that can draw on our earliest history and connect us to our hopes and dreams for our present and our future.

"For a good omen on Rosh HaShanah one should make it a habit to eat squash [like pumpkin], legumes [like string

beans], kartei (leeks), spinach and dates.”     Talmud BT Keritot 6a

The list often continues with figs, dates, pomegranates, apples, and the head of a ram or a fish. Jews from other lands add carrots and beets, but obviously any food will do as long as you have a creatively corny sense of humor and a willingness to share your greatest fears and hopes.  Each food is eaten after requesting a specific kind of Divine blessing that sounds like the name of that food in Hebrew. 

Many families add a conversation following each of these meditations. Prompts are shared below.

Apples and Honey

Y’hi ratzon milfanech, shetichadesh aleinu shana tova u’metukah.
May it be Adonai’s will we will be renewed for a sweet new year.

With this blessing, we also recite the blessing over apples:

Baruch Ata, Adonai, Eloheinu Melech haolam, borei pri haetz.
Blessed are You, Ruler of the Universe, who has created the fruit of the tree.

What is new about you, for you, with you in this new year? We ask that the Divine Spark will “renew” us. How might you imagine being renewed in this coming year? How might you help this to happen? This is the most commonly known symbol and food for Rosh HaShanah. Why do you think it has become so popular? What might you substitute in its place if you were to reinvent the ritual?

Challah

For dipping challah (into honey) we might use this Hassidic wish:

May Hashem create yeast in your soul, causing you to ferment, and mature, to rise, elevate, to your highest possibilities, to reach your highest self.

How have you matured or “fermented” this year? What is something that you have accomplished that you can celebrate with us? What are your hopes for “fermentation” for this coming year? What is something you hope to accomplish?

A Head

Traditionally the head of a lamb or a carp is the occasion for a blessing (though vegetarians might perhaps substitute a head of cabbage or a head of lettuce):

Y’hi ratzon sheh- ni-hi-yeh l’Rosh v’lo l’zanav
May it be Hashem’s will that we will be a head and not a tail.

What does this mean? How might you interpret the blessing? Would you rather be a head or a tail? Why? How might this food be connected to the Jewish calendar?

Spinach or beets

In Hebrew, spinach or beets are traditionally called   seleck, which can also mean “to remove decisively.” They elicit this New Year’s wish: 

Y’hi ratzon sheh- yis-talku soneinu.
May it be Hashem’s will that our enemies be removed from our presence.  May it be Hashem’s will that all the enemies who might beat us will retreat, and we will beat a path to freedom (  Selek  resembles the word for retreat,  yistalku  ).

When this was written, who do you think it could have referred to? What are different ways we can understand “enemies”? Who might it refer to today?

Pomegranate

Take some pomegranate seeds.

As numerous as the stars…like the seeds of a pomegranate. Rich, deep red, the color of life-giving blood. Sweet and tart. Crunchy, refreshing. We can eat the pomegranate’s seeds one at a time, savoring each individually, or we can take a handful at once and enjoy the explosion of flavor in our mouths.

Pomegranates, filled with numerous sweet seeds, traditionally recall the 613 commandments or mitzvot found in the Torah.  May our good deeds, our mitzvot, be like pomegranate seeds. May they be plentiful. May we savor each, and may we enjoy many.

The blessing is:

Y’hi ratzon sheh-ni-hi-yeh malei mitzvot ka-rimon

May it be Your will, Yah, our loving Mother who breathes life into all that lives, that we be filled with mitzvot, and that we be kind to others, and that we do as many good deeds as there are seeds in a pomegranate.

Eat the pomegranate seeds.

What is a mitzvah that you hope to fulfill this year? Here, seeds symbolize mitzvot. What else might they symbolize? What does the performance of a mitzvah do for you, the one who performs the mitzvah? How does it feel? What inspires us to do mitzvot?

Carrots or Squash

The Hebrew word for carrot is גזר (gezer), similar to the Hebrew לִגְזוֹר (ligzor), meaning to cut, or to ordain (as in command), or to decree. In this season, let divine judgments, divine decrees, be good ones for us in this New Year.

                                             B’ruchah At Yah Shekhinah, Ruach ha‐olam boreit p’ri ha‐adamah.

                       You are blessed, Yah, Divine Presence, Life’s Breath of the Universe, Creator of the fruit of the earth

Yehi ratzon milfanecha she-yikara roa gezar dinneinu, v’yikaru lfaneacha zakiyoteinu

May it be Hashem’s will that the evil decrees against us be torn up and our good merits be read.

B’ruchah At Yah Shekhinah, Ruach ha‐olam boreit p’ri ha‐adamah.

You are blessed, Yah, Divine Presence, Life’s Breath of the Universe, Creator of the fruit of the earth

Eat the carrot.

To yourself: If you could choose one thing that would be wiped from your memory this year, what would it be? To yourself: What is something that you wished you’d done differently this year? If you could do it all over again, would you do it the same, or different? What is a “good merit” about you that perhaps no one knows about?

Dates

The Hebrew word for date is rn, (tamar). Within this word is o, (tam): innocent, unblemished.

Innocent how?  Innocent of wrongdoing, innocent of failings, innocent of missing the mark. Unblemished in what way? Unblemished by our own transgressions: of the hand, of the mind, of the tongue, of the heart.

May all humanity be innocent and unblemished. And may we be able to repair the blemishes we ourselves have wrought on each other and on our world.

May it be your will, that hatred will end. (  Tamar  resembles the word for end,  yitamu. )

Before eating black-eyed peas or string beans (  rubia  ):
May it be Your will, God, that our merits increase. (  Rubia  resembles the word for increase,  yirbu. )

Before eating leeks, chives, or scallions (  karti  ):
May it be Your will, God, that our enemies be cut off. (  Karti  resembles the word for cut off,   yikartu. ) 

Since Rosh Hashanah means the  head of the year, we eat foods that symbolize our wish to be heads, not tails in the year to come. Traditionally, families ate the head of a fish or sheep. You may want to instead enjoy a head of lettuce, or a more whimsical option involves gummy fish. 
May it be Your will, God, that our heads remain clear and focused on creating a better world this year.

Dating back to Talmudic times, there have been associations between Rosh haShanah and food. From Nehemiah chapter 8:

And Ezra the Kohen brought Torah (the Law) to the congregation, men and women and all who could hear with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month.

Nehemiah the Tishatha, Ezra the Kohen and scribe, and the Levites who were explaining to the people said to all the people, “This day is holy to Adonai your God: you must not mourn or weep,” for all the people were weeping as they listened to the words of Torah.

They further said to them, “Go, eat choice foods and drink sweet drinks and send portions to whoever has nothing prepared, for the day is holy to Adonai. Do not be sad, for your rejoicing in Adonai is the source of your strength.

There are many symbolic foods around Rosh haShanah, depending on your custom: apples and honey, beets, gourds, beans, pomegranates, carrots, round challah, wine. In our Kabbalat haShanah Seder—our welcoming of the New Year—we incorporate some of these and some traditional text from the machzor.

Let all who are hungry—for food, for spiritual uplifting, for companionship—come and eat and join us.